Indonesia is one of the G20’s major emerging economies and a central voice from Southeast Asia. As a member of the G20, Indonesia brings a large population, a growing domestic market, major natural resources, strategic maritime geography, and an important perspective from the Indo-Pacific and the wider Global South.

G20 Ranking Snapshot

These rankings compare Indonesia with the 19 individual G20 country members, excluding the European Union and African Union because they are regional organizations rather than countries.

Population: 4th of 19 individual G20 countries. Indonesia has a population of about 283.5 million people, placing it behind India, China, and the United States. Its population supports one of the world’s largest consumer markets, a large labor force, and rising demand for housing, transportation, energy, food, technology, health care, and financial services.
Nominal GDP: 15th of 19 individual G20 countries. Indonesia’s economy was roughly US$1.40 trillion in 2024, placing it ahead of several other individual G20 members. Its G20 role reflects its population scale, growth potential, resource base, regional influence, and position as Southeast Asia’s largest economy.
GDP per capita: 18th among individual G20 countries in 2024. Indonesia’s GDP per capita was roughly US$4,925, placing it above India but below the other individual G20 country members. This reflects Indonesia’s status as a fast-growing emerging economy with a large population, expanding middle class, and major development needs.
Land area: 11th among individual G20 countries. Indonesia has a larger land area than South Africa, Turkey, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. Its geography includes thousands of islands, major forests, agricultural regions, mineral deposits, ports, cities, and maritime trade routes.
Trade scale: Indonesia records hundreds of billions of dollars in annual exports of goods and services, with trade shaped by coal, palm oil, nickel, natural gas, minerals, textiles, footwear, agricultural goods, manufactured products, tourism, and services. Its trade role is strongly connected to Asia-Pacific supply chains, energy markets, food systems, and clean technology materials.

Indonesia’s place in the G20 reflects its size, growth potential, and importance to Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific. It is the largest economy in Southeast Asia, one of the world’s most populous countries, and a major emerging market with influence across trade, energy, food, climate, digital development, and regional cooperation.

Indonesia is especially important to the G20 because of its demographic and market scale. Its large population creates a major domestic consumer base and a growing workforce. This gives Indonesia a strong role in discussions about development, inclusive growth, education, labor markets, infrastructure, digital access, health systems, and poverty reduction.

Natural resources are another major part of Indonesia’s G20 importance. The country has coal, nickel, copper, natural gas, palm oil, timber, fisheries, and other resources. Nickel is especially important for batteries, electric vehicles, stainless steel, and clean technology supply chains. This makes Indonesia highly relevant to G20 conversations about critical minerals, energy transition, industrial development, and responsible resource management.

Indonesia’s maritime location also gives it strategic value. The country sits between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and lies along some of the world’s most important shipping routes. Its geography connects Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, and global trade networks. This gives Indonesia an important role in discussions about maritime trade, logistics, supply chains, regional security, and infrastructure.

Manufacturing and industrial development are growing parts of Indonesia’s economy. The country has important sectors in textiles, footwear, automotive production, electronics, food processing, chemicals, metals, and mineral processing. Indonesia is also working to move higher up the value chain by processing more minerals domestically and attracting investment into batteries, electric vehicles, and industrial parks.

Indonesia’s energy role is also significant. The country is a major coal producer and exporter, while also expanding renewable energy, geothermal power, hydropower, and clean energy investment. This gives Indonesia a practical role in G20 discussions about energy security, electricity access, climate action, just energy transition, and financing for lower-carbon development.

Agriculture and food production also shape Indonesia’s global role. The country produces palm oil, rice, rubber, coffee, cocoa, spices, fisheries products, and other agricultural goods. These sectors are important for rural livelihoods, food security, exports, land use, and climate policy.

Indonesia also brings an important diplomatic role to the G20. As a major democracy, Southeast Asia’s largest economy, and a leading member of ASEAN, Indonesia helps connect regional priorities with global economic decision-making. Its G20 role reflects the importance of emerging markets in shaping the future of growth, trade, digital development, energy, and climate policy.

Within the G20, Indonesia supports inclusive growth, infrastructure investment, development finance, digital transformation, food security, energy transition, climate resilience, trade cooperation, and stronger representation for emerging and developing economies. Its membership reflects both its national scale and its wider importance to Southeast Asia, the Indo-Pacific, and the Global South.

Key Facts / G20-Relevant Characteristics

G20 status: Member of the Group of Twenty.
Economy type: Emerging, upper-middle-income economy with major services, manufacturing, agriculture, mining, energy, tourism, and digital sectors.
Population: About 283.5 million people in 2024, ranking fourth among individual G20 country members.
Nominal GDP: Roughly US$1.40 trillion in 2024, ranking 15th among individual G20 countries.
GDP per capita: Roughly US$4,925 in 2024, placing Indonesia near the lower end among individual G20 country members.
Regional role: Largest economy in Southeast Asia and a major voice from ASEAN, the Indo-Pacific, and the Global South.
Trade role: Major exporter and importer of goods and services, with strong links to Asia-Pacific supply chains, energy markets, commodity trade, tourism, and regional manufacturing.
Export strengths: Coal, palm oil, nickel, natural gas, copper, rubber, textiles, footwear, agricultural goods, fisheries products, manufactured goods, tourism, and services.
Resource strengths: Major reserves and production of nickel, coal, copper, natural gas, palm oil, timber, fisheries, and other natural resources.
Industrial strengths: Textiles, footwear, automotive production, electronics, food processing, chemicals, metals, mineral processing, batteries, and industrial park development.
Energy importance: Major coal producer and exporter with growing investment in renewable energy, geothermal power, hydropower, and clean energy transition.
Maritime importance: Strategic island nation located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with major shipping routes, ports, and regional trade connections.
Strategic importance: Represents Southeast Asia’s largest economy, a major democracy, a resource-rich emerging market, and an important Indo-Pacific actor.
Policy priorities: Inclusive growth, infrastructure investment, digital transformation, energy security, just energy transition, food security, industrial upgrading, critical minerals, climate resilience, maritime connectivity, and stronger representation for emerging economies.

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